Understandable · Level A · Introduced in WCAG 2.0
WCAG 3.1.1: Language of Page
Published by whatisADA / Grow Wild Agency · Updated
What this criterion means
The default human language of a page must be available programmatically. In HTML, a valid lang value on the root element helps screen readers choose appropriate pronunciation and other software process the text.
A practical example
An English page inherits lang="fr" from a copied template. Set the page's actual default language to English and verify that localized routes declare their own language rather than sharing the same root value.
How to check it
- Identify the predominant language of each representative route.
- Inspect the document's root language declaration and check that its value is valid and accurate.
- Navigate between localized pages and listen for appropriate pronunciation with a screen reader configured for available voices.
What can be missed
A language picker does not automatically set the document language. The server-rendered page and client-side navigation both need the correct declaration.
Record your test
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These are your observations, not automated results or a conformance certificate. A complete evaluation needs appropriate scope, supported technologies, all applicable criteria and relevant page states.
Primary sources and scope
This is independent implementation guidance with original examples. The linked standard contains the full definitions, exceptions and conformance requirements. A criterion or checklist alone does not establish legal applicability or whole-site conformance.